避险与逐险交易

避险/逐险环境的定义基于市场在一般情况下如何看待特定事件。更确切地说,它代表市场对特定事件的反应,并且这种反应可能会持续一天、一周甚至更长。货币市场交易完全凭借感知,特别是人工智能时代。因此,如何感知事件具有重要影响。有时,市场存在如此强烈的偏见,以致经济数据发布对总趋势毫无影响,而逆向趋势仅使初始头寸增加。在外汇货币中,强大趋势往往具有相关性,这就是避险/逐险的意义。

避险/逐险环境的定义

risk award ratio任何外汇经纪商都提供多种货币对进行交易,这些货币对分成两大类:主要货币对和交叉货币对。主要货币对是包含美元 (USD) 的货币对,而交叉货币对则是不包含美元的任何其他货币对。之所以如此划分货币对,是因为美元是全球储备货币。这意味着,美联储改变货币政策将导致市场发生剧烈波动。由于美元的作用,货币对会以相互关联的方式波动。如果美元看涨,货币对以相同方向波动,反之亦然。然而,这并不是避险/逐险走势的含义。除货币市场外,还涉及股票和商品。

如何在避险环境下交易

避险环境被定义为市场情绪处于消极状态的环境。在此环境下,投资者/交易者寻求让相关货币变得更加安全。在避险情绪作用下,会购买瑞士法郎 (CHF) 和日元 (JPY),因为这两种货币被视为避险货币。因此,如果美元/瑞士法郎下跌,则美元/日元也下跌。避险情绪还带动美国股指下跌,进而带动全球股市下跌。众所周知,全球化促使金融产品以相互关联的方式波动。美元/加元是在该等形势下上涨的典型货币对,但该货币对受石油市场影响。这导致其走势更难以预测,而且该货币对并非始终与避险情绪相关联。在2017 年 11 月初美国总统大选进行时,发生了一个最新的经典案例。特朗普当选美国总统被市场视为一种风险,更甚于克林顿夫人当选的风险。虽然与特朗普相关的正面新闻已经发布,但是他竞选美国总统仍导致上述避险走势。因此,这种避险环境笼罩整个总统竞选过程,甚至持续至竞选之夜。但是,当结果变得明朗,特朗普即将当选时,市场开始转变,避险情绪消失,取而代之的是新的逐险情绪。

如何在逐险环境下交易

逐险情绪正好与避险情绪相反,意味着市场处于看涨模式。股票市场即如此!从货币对观点出发,某些货币上涨,其他货币会下跌,但总体观点是,购买美元以防备那些被视为代表风险的货币。通常,逐险环境被定义为相互关联的波动,在这种情况下会看到美元/瑞士法郎、美元/日元和股指上涨。另一方面,美元/加元下跌,而石油价格很可能上涨。值得注意的是,之前的逐险和避险走势会有差别。这种走势由上涨的欧元/美元、英镑/美元、澳元/美元确定,而美元/加元则在逐险情绪中下跌。一般情况下,美元在这种走势下被大幅卖出。由于央行最近将利率调为负值,并且采取非传统的货币政策,这种情况发生了改变。量化宽松计划已经推出并仍在实施,正如之前所知道的,全球逐险/避险情绪都大幅波动。在量化宽松计划下,央行购买其政府债券,欲促进通胀。市场必须适应这种新情况,目前我们看到,在全球多个重要央行管辖区内的利率均为负数。这种负利率环境主要是为了刺激商业银行将更多的钱借贷给实体经济,从而创造就业机会,加快经济增长。通胀会随着经济增长而产生。发生通胀时,央行会规范化其货币政策。然而直到此时,市场才适应新情况,并且逐险/避险情绪已经稳定。一般来说,避险交易被视为卖出相比其他货币而言风险更高的货币的交易。这些货币为瑞士和日元。

避险环境是看跌的或消极的,在此环境下恐慌情绪笼罩市场。通常,在恐慌情绪作用下,价格波动要快于看涨情况,因此交易者需要非常迅速做出反应。一般情况下,在某一事件被视为风险事件之前,外汇经纪商会发送电子邮件,通知客户保证金要求将提高。预期出现更大价差,止损和止盈单通常延迟执行。在逐险走势中,情绪是看涨的,货币对以正常速度变动。毕竟,看涨环境始终被视为积极的环境。知道从逐险/避险角度出发如何预期市场走势为交易者提供竞争优势。这在试图避免过度交易时非常有用,因为交易相关性应该有助于实现这一目标。

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